Which mythological figure is known for her transformative punishment of those who commit hubris?

The correct choice is Nemesis, who is recognized in Greek mythology as the goddess of retribution and vengeance. She embodies the principle of divine justice and is particularly associated with punishing individuals who exhibit hubris, which refers to excessive pride, arrogance, or self-importance. Those who overstep their boundaries in the face of the gods or act in a manner that offends the natural order often find themselves facing Nemesis' wrath.

Medusa, on the other hand, is a Gorgon known for her ability to turn people to stone with her gaze, but her story does not primarily revolve around punishing hubris. Mary Magdalene and The Virgin Mary are significant figures in Christianity, associated with themes of redemption and purity, rather than with the concept of retribution for hubristic actions. Therefore, Nemesis is the figure directly linked to transformative punishment for acts of pride and overreach, making it the correct answer.