Which group is depicted as adversaries of the Israelites in ancient texts?

The correct answer is the Philistines, as they are frequently depicted as adversaries of the Israelites in various ancient texts, particularly in the Hebrew Bible. The Philistines were a distinct group known for their conflicts with the Israelites, notably in stories such as those of Samson and the famous battle involving David and Goliath. This longstanding animosity is a recurring theme throughout the historical and literary accounts of ancient Israel.

The other groups mentioned, while sometimes in opposition to the Israelites, do not have the same level of direct and consistent depiction as adversaries in ancient narratives. The Pharisees were a Jewish sect known for their interpretations of the law and were not primarily depicted as external adversaries. The Romans came into conflict with the Israelites mainly during the period of the New Testament, which is much later than the context in which the Philistine conflicts occurred. The Greeks, too, had various interactions with the Israelites, but their relationship does not have the same clear-cut adversarial role as that of the Philistines throughout the earlier historical narratives.