What is meant by "symbolism" in literature?

Symbolism in literature refers to the practice of using symbols—objects, characters, figures, or colors—to represent abstract ideas, concepts, or qualities beyond their literal meaning. This technique allows writers to convey deeper layers of meaning and evoke emotional responses from readers. For instance, a dove may symbolize peace, while a journey may symbolize personal growth or self-discovery. This multidimensional approach enriches the text and encourages readers to engage more fully with the underlying themes and messages.

The other options do not capture the essence of symbolism accurately. The first option mentions figures of speech for dramatic effect, which pertains more to rhetorical devices than to the specific idea of symbolism. The third choice focuses on direct representation, which simplifies the practice of literature to a surface-level interpretation, ignoring the complexities that symbolism brings to a text. The fourth option concerns suspense, which is a narrative technique aimed at creating tension and anticipation, again missing the core definition of symbolism and its representational nature in conveying deeper meanings.