What does the term 'Mammon' typically refer to in literature?

The term 'Mammon' typically refers to a greedy pursuit of wealth. In literary contexts, Mammon is often personified as a deity or a force that represents the desire for material riches and the worship of money over spiritual values. This concept stems from the biblical mention of Mammon in the New Testament, where it is contrasted with the concept of serving God, highlighting the moral pitfalls of prioritizing wealth above all else.

The significance of this term in literature often revolves around characters or societies that become consumed by their obsession with gaining and hoarding wealth, ultimately leading to moral decay or downfall. Thus, the correct answer captures the essence of Mammon as a manifestation of greed and materialism, making it a critical reference when exploring themes of capitalism, excess, and ethical dilemmas regarding wealth in various literary works.