What does the myth of Tantalus primarily illustrate about human desires?

The myth of Tantalus serves as a powerful illustration of the consequences that arise from excessive pride and hubris. Tantalus was punished for his arrogance and transgressions against the gods, which included stealing ambrosia and nectar to bring back to his human friends and even serving his own son at a banquet for the gods. As a result of his actions, he was condemned to suffer eternal hunger and thirst in the afterlife, surrounded by food and drink that perpetually eluded him, thus representing the torment of unfulfilled desires.

This myth emphasizes that extreme arrogance can lead to severe repercussions and suffering, demonstrating that those who take undue pride in themselves or their accomplishments may face dire consequences. Tantalus's plight serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of overstepping boundaries, particularly concerning divine authority. It highlights how hubris can result in losing not just what one desires but also experiencing perpetual torment related to those desires.